Research on DHF in Bantul, Indonesia

RESEARCH ON DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN NGESTIHARJO
AND CANDEN VILLAGE IN BANTUL REGENCY, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

METHOD OF RESEARCH

1. The type of the research is a qualitative research, and the data are collected by cross-sectional method.
2. The Research Variable consists of independent and dependent variable.
3. The Technique of Data Collection consists of 2 kinds: 1) Primary Data ? it is obtained by using questioner, by giving questioner to the subject of research. 2) Secondary Data ? it is obtained directly from Bantul Department of Health.
4. The Data Processing and Data Analysis ? the data is obtained by qualitative analysis using Likert Scale that is measured by answers of very agree, agree, disagree, and very disagree. The interpretation of percentage value is put into standard of objective criteria: Good = the correct answer > 75%, medium = 60 – 70%, less = < x =" average" s =" deviation" n =" number">
5. Conceptual Framework: Information (magazine, newspaper, radio, TV, book, Dept. of Health), About DHF (Meaning, Epidemiology, Extermination).

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

1. Data of DHF Victim per village in 2002-2004.
It is known that the most serious area attacked by DHF is subdistrict of Kasihan, Kasihan II village with 11 cases in 2002 and a total of 80 cases of DHF attack during the period of 3 years. While the least serious area attacked by DHF is subdistrict of Dlingo 1 with no case during 2002 – 2003, and 2 cases in 2004, so the total case is 2 cases of DHF attack during the period of 3 years. In this research, the researcher takes the data from subdistricts with the highest number of DHF incidence (endemic) and the lowest number of DHF incidence (sporadic).

2. The Rate of People’s Knowledge on DHF in Ngestiharjo village is found to be 20 people having medium knowledge. While in Canden village is found to be 4 people having medium knowledge. From 60 respondents, there are 19 people agree if DHF disease is indicated by sudden fever and 11 people disagree about that. It is also found that 36 people agree if the giving of abate powder is done by putting into water container. It is also found that 30 people disagree if the DHF vector mosquito is likely to bite in the night.
a. DHF Knowledge Difference ? t value distribution. The respondents of Ngestiharjo have a higher degree of knowledge than those of Canden village. The higher degree of respondent’s knowledge in Ngestiharjo village is because of Knowledge. This result contradicts the research by Supriyati (2002) that people had not yet understood correctly about what DHF is.

3. The attitude of people on DHF in Ngestiharjo is that 13 people have good attitude, and 11 people have medium attitude. Meanwhile, In Canden village there is 4 people having good attitude and 2 medium. Among 60 respondents, 39 of them agree if DHF can cause a death, and 5 people disagree with it. It is found that 41 people very agree with drying water container minimum once to twice in a week, and it is found no respondent disagree with it. However, this result contradicts the research by Hasyimi (1994) who said that 89% of people’s attitudes refuse to clean the water container once or twice in a week.

4. The people’s behavior on DHF in Ngestiharjo village is found to be 2 people having less, medium and good behavior. While in Canden village, there are 16 people having less behavior, 3 people having good behavior. Among 60 respondents, 19 people agree to open the door and windows when the fogging official comes to their place, and 14 people disagree. It is also found that 24 people disagree to let cans and bottles put outside the house, and 6 people agree with it. The DHF Vector Control with fogging and abating is actually proved to be able in compressing the population of Aedes aegypti.

The Facts about Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)

The Facts about Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)

A. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: A dangerous and contagious disease caused by virus that can emerge a disturbance on capillary blood vessel and blood coagulation system so that it causes a death.
Cause: It is caused by dengue virus, the family of Flaviviridae and genus of Flavivirus. Dengue virus has 4 serotypes, i.e. DEN-1.
Prevention: Extremely depend on control of its vector, i.e. Aedes Aegypti. The control of such mosquito can be distributed by using some methods: 1. Environmental (Control of mosquito’s nest and extermination of mosquito’s nest), 2. Biologic, 3. Chemical (Fogging, distribution of abate powder).

B. Prevention Effort: - DHF Prevention Program. Spraying of insecticide is held as soon as possible in order to limit the spread and transmission of DHF disease. – Extermination. The most important effort is to exterminate the infecting mosquito larva in its nest by doing “3M”, i.e. draining, covering, and burying.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) disease is one of the problem of public health, and the rate of case tends to increase and it spreads more widely along with transportation advance by the development of inhabitant’s settlement (Dept. of Health, 1994).
In 1954 the first Extraordinary Case (EC) of DHF disease in Asia was found in Manila.
DHF is initially reported in Indonesia that is by the extraordinary case of DHF disease in Jakarta and Surabaya with 58 cases of DHF and 24 cases of death (CFR = 42.5%).
In 2001 the number of DHF death in Bantul regency was 4 DHF cases (CFR = 2.23%).
In 2003 it increased to be 8 people.

Since January-March 2004 the total case of DHF in whole provinces in Indonesia had attained 26.015. The number of death was 389 people. The highest case was found in the province of Jakarta, while the highest CFR was found in the province of Eastern Lesser Sundas (NTT).

The incidence of Abortion

The incidence of Abortion

Women with undesirable pregnancy always look for solution by abortion throughout the lifespan and it still goes on up to now. There are 2 kinds of abortions: intentional abortion and unintentional abortion. They particularly happen to female teenagers. They easily do such thing that according to my opinion, for a teenage is before time. They don’t think about the negative effects happen to them. The undesirable pregnancy is one of the effects of their behavior. And the way that they take is usually abortion. Abortion is done because of some reasons as follow:

• Afraid of being known by parents about their pregnancy.
• Ashamed towards the surrounding people.
• Inadequate to create a family.
• Still have to continue their study.
• To maintain their family’s good name.

However, the thing they have done can result in fatal effect too. They have to think twice again because abortion is currently against the law. In addition, from the health point of view, abortion results in fatal effect. Moreover, if the abortion is done when the pregnancy attains the age of over 2 months.

It is best for everybody not to do abortion by making decision ourselves. It has to be discussed with our partner and family. Don’t be so easily persuaded by invitation of other person. From the religious point of view, abortion is a sinful behavior, because it is similar to killing the life of fetus that has been given from Him.

Abortion is usually done by a doctor. However, in this time, by the strict law on abortion more and more, it also makes possible for the doctors to refuse helping a woman who wants to do an abortion, unless the pregnancy is harmful for the health of the woman. Beside that, the refusal is also based on the moral and religious reasons.

Therefore, there are several efforts that have to be carried out such as:

• Think about the effects first before doing sexual intercourse.
• Avoid free sex.
• Use the save contraception.
• Not to be easily influenced by the negative effect of the surroundings.

How to Overcome the Soaring Prices

How to Overcome the Soaring Prices

In this time, the price of rice is soaring and it seems not beneficial for farmers in Indonesia. It is not because the farmlands especially rice fields are submerge in water so that it’s failed to harvest, but it’s caused by some factors. On the other side, the government’s ability and power to influence market mechanism and middlemen are greater than farmers, because the government has function and role of dualism, i.e. searching for profit and stock.

The farmers have a very little strategy and effort to be able to do those things. This reality happens because of the impact of the men in authority’s behavior who always set farmers as the objects of their agenda. The rise of rice’s price this time is a part of political strategy to find support from the middle class and over and also from the urban community so that the rice import gets responds from the people.

The farmers are worried about rumor that imported rice will enter the country. It’s based on the experience several times ago, because the coming of rice from foreign country always causes disadvantages to the farmers, i.e. it makes the price of unhulled paddy plunged.


Reference: KR, January 23, 2006; Kompas, January 21, 2006.

Indonesia is a Maritime Country

Indonesia is a Maritime Country

Indonesia is a maritime country which yields many high quality fish. Many Indonesian people consume fish everyday to fulfill their need. The raising number of consumer increases the number of fishermen in Indonesia. The government spends a lot of funds to increase fishery. Then the government tries to cover the foreign debt through fishery. Through fishery, the government earns Rp. 8,97 quintillions.

However, it does not persist for a long time. In 10 years, 39 industries of fishery were closed because of the row materials crisis and bad operational management. Then Indonesia could only yield products of fishery from 10-1000 tons become 1-2 tons per day. By the use of formalin, the government’s income became more and more decreased. The decrease of government’s income caused 49.000 people lost their jobs. It made worse the image of Indonesia in international world.

Therefore, the government tried to overcome this problem by:
a. improving the operational management.
b. Industrial development.
c. Opening new field of work.
d. Investment in other sectors.
e. Stopping illegal fish catching.

The government’s effort can only give a little help for the economy of the country. Thus, the government increases export of other sectors.
The government has to try to wipe out the misuse of funds and to look for the right solution, to improve international view, to prohibit the use of food poison for human like formalin, and to improve the economy of country.
Therefore, we have to use the potency of our nation as optimum as possible.


(Kompas, June 14 2006)

How to Overcome the Rise of Refined Fuel Oil’s Price

How to Overcome the Rise of
Refined Fuel Oil’s Price

I. Background

The problem of the rise of refined fuel oil’s (BBM) price in Indonesia appears with the aim to make the price equal to the price in foreign countries and in order to keep the stability of domestic price so that supply to abroad (BBM smuggling) will not happen. It is considered as illegal/for their own/private benefit. The results are the increasing price of stuff, the rise of transportation tariff, and the social jealousy in public.

II. Problem and Solution

The impact of the rise of BBM’s price is so influential to the city public transportation (angkot) entrepreneur, because the rice of BBM’s price will be followed by the rise of price of vehicle spareparts. Off course this condition will add more operational cost of Angkot as public transportation.
The government solves the problem by making a policy of giving dispensation to the public transportations so that they are not treated same with private car. The government also appoints several gas stations (SPBU) to specially serve BBM for the public transportation with common price.

III. Conclusion

Increasing the price of BBM means breaking up the public transportation entrepreneur. While the government doesn’t give certain effort in concern with how to keep public transportations run well.

The people’s will to run a business in city public transportation should be realized as an effort to help the government in the field of transportation. For that purpose, at least the government’s plan to increase the BBM’s price can be considered again.


Reference: Suara Karya Daily Newspaper, Thursday, December 29, 2005

The Impact of Landslide Disaster

The Impact of Landslide Disaster

to the People of Banjarnegara, Indonesia

From the rescoring result of PT. Perhutani’s team, there are some elements of the cause of landslide in Gunung Raja Village, Sijeruk in Gunung Pawinihan area which is exposed to the landslide disaster on Wedneday January 4, 2006 in early dawn with width of 30.6 acre, such as the slope of the land, the kind of soil and the amount of rainfall. The vegetation of forest in 44 C partition in Gunung Pawinihan area is dense and good. The area of Gunung Pawinihan geologically is a category of moving land which is sensitive to slide. The area of forest is dense, grown with many kind of trees with fragrant wood, pine, flowers, and histamine. The landslide happened there because the latosol layer of lithosphere was peeled because of the high rainfall and the shift of stone slab. Besides that, The area of Gunung Pawinihan is located on mean slope of 60 degree.

This greatest landslide disaster in Central Java, besides killing many people also piled up at least 102 houses, a mosque, kindergarten building, guardhouse, a unit of car and motorcycle. Besides that, hundreds of livestock were killed. Hundreds thousand of people who were in eight kecamatans spread in 46 villages threaten with landslide currently were squeezed with panic because based on the study of the Central Java Department of Mining and Energy, 46 villages have a high sensitivity of moving land.